Who received jarlyks

Nicholas Zharkikh

Shortened text of the section. Full text in ukrainian version.

Inscription (formula indicating the recipient of the document) in the jarlyks of the Crimean Khans never contain the name of the ruler to whom the document is addressed.

I think the inscription was copied from some ancient Golden Horde jarlyk. For the times when Crimean jarlyks were written, it was completely outdated and, moreover, did not correspond to the realities of relations between the rulers of Crimea and Lithuania. But it was included in the jarlyk of 1461, and in the future it was tightly held as a formula recognized by both sides.