Week 178 – additional links
Nicholas Zharkikh
July 17, 2025
A series of powerful explosions were heard in Dnipro: the city was attacked by Shahed
Unidentified drones were flying in St. Petersburg: flights were delayed at the airport
Russia reports drone attack — Vnukovo airport suspends flights
The occupiers struck Kryvyi Rih with drones in the morning: there was a hit, a fire broke out
Zelenskyy spoke in the Rada and presented Svyrydenko’s candidacy for the position of Prime Minister
Hostile correctional officer arrested in Kharkiv, preparing attack on city council
Germany criticized EU budget plans, including 100 billion euros for Ukraine
Russia claims to have shot down over 120 Ukrainian drones
UAVs attacked Belgorod: Governor Gladkov claims there are dead and injured. PHOTO
Drones attacked defense plants in the Tula region and Voronezh
Stealth drones appear on the Dnieper: Ukraine tests a new series of unmanned boats for river strikes
The Ukrainian Air Force shot down 36 UAVs out of 64, 5 were lost in location
Shooting at a training ground in Chernihiv region: a cadet shot two instructors, he was detained
Ukraine returns the bodies of another 1,000 dead citizens
UOC-MP given until August to sever relations with Russia
Denys Shmyhal is the new Minister of Defense of Ukraine
Svyrydenko held the first meeting of the new Cabinet of Ministers
The developer of the "Chaklun" UAV announced the creation of a long-range attack drone
Night strike on the Dnieper. 12 drone arrivals recorded, one dead and one injured reported
Drones attacked a city in the Smolensk region of Russia: a military factory is located there
Drones attacked occupiers’ facilities in the European part of Russia
An entire Russian army was destroyed near Pokrovsk – documents leaked online
Ukrainian troops broke through near Sumy: what is known about the successes (map)
K-2 Regiment conducts evacuations using robots
The Ukrainian flag flew high on the Kinburn Spit
Kellogg was shown NSU training and modern drones
The Armed Forces of Ukraine pushed back the occupiers in Vovchansk
Ukrainian soldiers inflicted losses on the occupiers in Kursk
The Armed Forces of Ukraine liquidated an assault group of invaders in the Sumy region
The Armed Forces of Ukraine captured a group of Russian occupiers from the airborne division
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed more than a company of invaders in the Pokrovske direction
The invaders struck the Cherkasy region: they say they are arriving via the CCC
On the shield – July 17, 2025.
The war took the life of a soldier from the Ternopil region, Vasyl Stepanovich Handyak
Sumy resident Vitaliy Kuripka died at the front
Military man and journalist Serhiy Yefremov goes missing in Luhansk region
Ruslan Zapotichny, a fighter from the Carpathian region, died at the front.
The Oleksandrivska community reported the death of fellow soldier Valeriy Tarasovych Chabrak
Forever 23: Hero from Kryvyi Rih Vladyslav Urbanovych died in the Sumy direction
A serviceman from Ivano-Frankivsk region, Mykhailo Solomud, died suddenly
Defender Stanislav Khristosov, who fought in Kupyansk, died in the Kharkiv region
Painful loss: the war took the life of Hero of Volhynia Petro Mykytovych Yakymchuk
Ilya Popovych, a soldier from Svalyava, died in the war
Vasyl Klyus, a defender from Velyki Komi in the Beregov region, died in the war with the occupiers
Defender from Kamianske Oleksandr Milostnoy died of injuries in a Dnipro hospital
Volodymyr Trynchuk, a native of Rozhnyatov, died in the war (PHOTO)
Oleksandr Petrosiuk, a defender from the Kozyatyn community, died in the battle for Ukraine
The Trostyanets community lost a Defender: Petro Dubok died in the war
Soldiers Pavlo Kondratiev and Yevgeny Grachev from Kropyvnytskyi died in the war with Russia
He was killed in May last year: the death of Hero of Volhynia Ruslan Prykhodko has been confirmed
The death of Valentyn Kostyuk, a defender from the village of Batyiv, has been confirmed
Defender from Rozhyshchensk region Viktor Krevskyi died in Kurshchyna
Vitaliy Anatsky, a fighter of the Donetsk Rifle Battalion, died in the war
Zhytomyr region lost a Hero again – Nidzelsky Lubomyr Yuriyovych
The heart of defender from Konotop region Oleksandr Kovalevsky stopped beating
The heart of the defender from Rivne region Mykhailo Koreyko could not stand it
Vasyl Babych, a soldier from the Glukhiv region, was killed in the Zaporizhia direction
Volunteer from Lviv Kochut Mykhailo Volodymyrovych died at the front
Oleksandr Yekybayev from the New Ukrainian Community died as a result of serious injuries.
Vitaliy Potochny from the Rozdilnyanska community died during a combat mission in the Kharkiv region
Mykola Kuzmenko from Zhytomyr region died in the war with the enemy
Senior sailor from Smila, Oleksandr Mykhailovych Yalovenko, died in the war
Bohdan Shevchenko, a native of the Carpathians, died in the war.
Defender from Zaporizhia district Oleksandr Kolinko died in battle with the invaders
Defender from Buryn region Serhiy Tyurin died in Donetsk region
Zhytomyr region again lost its Defender – Maksym Tkachenko
A fighter from Kolomyia, Ihor Bronevich, died in the war (PHOTOS)
Bohdan Volyan from Lviv region died at the front
July 18, 2025
Night drone attack on Zaporizhia: fires broke out, there is destruction and one injured
A woman was tried in Kyiv for setting fire to an AFU car – what punishment did she receive?
Explosions heard in Moscow region: Russians complain about attack by unknown drones
Ukrainian Defense Forces raise flags in Voskresenka and Yalta
Ukrainian "Neptunes" will reach the Kremlin faster than the mythical "Tomahawks", – Dyky
The EU lowered the price ceiling for Russian oil to $47.6: how did the markets react?
Umerov appointed Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council
Stefanishyna spoke about her tasks as Commissioner for Cooperation with the US
The Navy does not confirm the attack on the Russian ship in the Kilen Bay area in Sevastopol
Fighting near Pokrovsk – Ukrainian Armed Forces have successes near Pokrovsk – ISW
Ukrainian military landed on Kinburn Spit: dozens of occupiers were destroyed
The GUR spoke about the release of Boyko towers in 2023
In the Smolensk region, strike drones attacked military facilities
Merz questions Ukraine’s EU accession by 2034
He fought in Syria, died in Ukraine. Defense forces destroyed Buryat fighter-occupier
Ukrainian Armed Forces UAVs arrived 450 km from FAB-250 at Shchekinoazot
Ukrainian hackers attacked Gazprom and destroyed large databases
Russia shudders from explosions: drones fly over Moscow
Drones of the Ukrainian Armed Forces destroyed an airfield in Crimea
Fired 200 shells per day from the M777 — senior officer of the Amazon battery
Syrsky: The enemy loses an average of 1,251 soldiers every day
Our sabotage groups operate up to 600 kilometers deep in the Russian rear, – Major General Pavlenko
Russia reported the alleged shooting down of eight drones flying towards Moscow
Large-scale explosions in several major cities at once – Russia hit Ukraine with ballistic missiles
Did Kellogg’s visit affect the "calm" in Kyiv: Ignat spoke about the enemy’s priorities
Merz announced long-range strike systems for Ukraine
Zelensky made a statement regarding strikes deep into Russia
Drones attacked occupiers’ facilities in the north of the Moscow region
The Armed Forces of Ukraine pushed back the invaders in the Novopavlivske direction
Ukrainian Armed Forces advance near Pokrovsk, – ISW
Defense forces inflicted losses on the occupiers near Vovchansk
In Vinnytsia, a court arrested a businessman for working for the Russian special services
On the shield – July 18, 2025.
Kyiv University student Vyacheslav Bozhenko died at the front. Photo
A soldier from Chernihiv region, Koziy Serhiy Vasyliovych, died in the Sumy region.
The war took the life of a sapper from Odessa region, Yevhen Orlov, – PHOTO
A soldier from Shumshchyna, Yasko Oleksandr Volodymyrovych, died on the front line
Andriy Slobodyan from Tlumach died in the war against Russian occupation troops.
DNA test confirms death of Irpen defender Hryhoriy Ilchenko
Defender from Rivne Oleksandr Andrianov died in the Zaporizhia direction
Volunteer Igor Zhushman from Kryvyi Rih died in hospital from injuries received at the front
Oleksandr Baydak died defending Sumy region
The heart of the cyborg from the Shpolyansk community, Serhiy Anatoliyovych Goncharov, stopped
Vitaliy Kiseolar, a defender from the Bolgrad district, died at the front
Valery Kovalev, a soldier from the Beregov district, died in the war
Oleksiy Yelchaninov, a native of the Carpathians, died in the war.
Donetsk airport defender Gennady Pavlovsky from Poltava region died
Oleksandr Lyashenko from the Romodanivska community died at the front
Volodymyr Bai, a resident of the Ternopil region, died in the war
The war took the life of the Hero of Volhynia, Yuriy Pelekh
Ihor Holodyuk, a resident of the Carpathians, died in the Zaporizhia region (PHOTO)
Vitaliy Lagodets, a fighter from the Kalynivska community in the Kherson region, died at the front
Sniper from Andrushivska community Andriy Horshkov died in Donetsk region
Mortarman from Rivne region Yuriy Yatsyniuk camped in Donetsk region
Viktor Ruslanovich Humenyuk, a 24-year-old resident of Lviv region, died in the battles for Ukraine.
The Olevsk community lost a Hero — Viktor Kyrylchuk from Mykhailivka died
July 19, 2025
Australia delivers M1A1 Abrams tanks to Ukraine as part of $160 million aid package – media
Shot down by rail: the occupiers announced the destruction of over 70 UAVs, but there is a nuance
Explosions heard near Moscow: fire near Domodedovo airport (video)
Massive attack on Odessa: one person killed, there are injuries
Attack on Odessa on July 19 – number of victims rises to 6
President: The enemy used over 300 drones and 30 missiles against Ukrainian cities
New explosions in Pavlohrad and Shostka amid threat of ballistics and explosive devices
The GUR shared details of the devastating cyberattack on the Russian gas monopolist
Syrsky: Russian saboteurs tried to break into Pokrovsk, but they were destroyed
How the Sirko-S1 ground drone works on the front line — developed by Kharkiv engineers
The most powerful attack on Pavlohrad: the enemy covered the city with missiles and drones
Racists massively attack Shostka in Sumy region with guided aerial bombs: mayor’s statement
Murder of Colonel Voronych: Times reveals his role in eliminating militant Mozgovy
GUR hackers carried out a new cyberattack on Gazprom – what are the consequences?
In occupied Zaporizhzhia, GUR special forces eliminated three "Kadyrov’s supporters"
Explosions heard in Moscow for the third night in a row, Sobyanin announced a drone attack
Moscow repels attack by strike drones for the second time in a day
Massive air attack: Russian troops fired 379 weapons at Ukraine
Air defense shot down 185 Russian drones and 23 missiles overnight
In Donetsk region, the GUR destroyed six Russian radar stations
Unmanned Systems Forces Destroy Rare Russian KOP-2 Electronic Warfare System – Video
FSB badges from resale platforms reveal the structure of the secret 16th Center
Zelensky reported on the consequences of Russia’s massive attack
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed the occupiers’ headquarters in the Kherson region with KAB
Ukrainian Armed Forces fighters eliminated an assault group of invaders in close combat
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed fifty occupiers in the Pokrov direction
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed two S-300 air defense missile launchers
The share of Ukrainian weapons on the front is 40%. Production has increased 35 times, – Shmyhal
On the shield – July 19, 2025.
Vinnytsia bids farewell to fallen Defender Kostyantyn Bokatenko
Hero from Poltava region Maksym Zhornyak died in Kharkiv region during a combat mission
Defender from Ternopil region Mykhailo Zakharkiv has passed away
He was a legend of Odessa: the head of the aviation club, Konstantin Oborin, died in the war
Defender from Shostka Vitaliy Partola died in Kharkiv region
Oleh Kramarov, a native of the Carpathians, died in the war.
A year later, the death of Volodymyr Moroz, a defender from the village of Selets, was confirmed.
The Saratsk community lost 32-year-old defender Kostenko Oleksandr in the war
Vasyl Shkoba, a soldier from Uzhhorod, died in the war
Serhiy Hotskalyuk from Kremenets died in the war
July 20, 2025
The Alliance should follow Ukraine’s innovations – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
Boris Johnson is upset by Britain’s indifference to Ukraine and calls for more action
Drone attack on Izyum: civilians injured and houses destroyed
Russians strike Zaporizhia: there are wounded, destruction recorded in the city (photo)
"ATESH" guerrillas carried out sabotage near Tula – a strategic Russian railway was blown up
Civilians killed and injured in Russian attacks in six regions – authorities
Zaporizhzhia came under attack from the Russian army: the consequences of the attack
In Zaporizhia, a fire broke out at an enterprise as a result of an enemy attack, – the head of ZOVA
Ukrainian defenders turned the invaders’ robot into scrap metal and ashes – spectacular video
Ukrainian military destroys three Msta-S self-propelled guns in Donetsk region in two days
Moscow has been under attack by drones since morning – Russian Ministry of Defense
132 trains delayed in Russia due to drone attack
Ukraine won $6.9 billion in international arbitrations: Zelensky announced further actions
Deployment in 15 minutes: military engineers begin using new plastic pontoons – Column
Only two Ukrainian fighters captured seven occupiers
A Russian general involved in crimes in Ukraine has died
MiG-29 of the Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed the base of the Russian occupiers
Drones attacked Moscow, loud explosions heard
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed a group of "Kadyrov supporters" in Zaporizhia
Ukrainian Armed Forces advance near Mykolaivka, – ISW
A Ukrainian Army fighter jet destroyed a building with enemy attack aircraft with a CAB.
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed the occupiers’ DRG near Pokrovsk
On the shield – July 20, 2025.
The capital will bid farewell to Vyacheslav "Bakha" Bakhur, the fallen Hero of the 28th Brigade
Defending Ukraine, a soldier from Volhynia, Mykola Koruka, fell
"He was only at the beginning of his life": 23-year-old Bohdan Karpovych died in the Donetsk region
Petro Nazarchuk from the Lutsk community died in the war
For a long year and a half, he was considered missing: Hero of Volhynia Ivan Lypka died in the war
Defender from Zhytomyr region Bohdan Pankevych died in Donetsk region
It became known about the death of a resident of the Yasinyansk community, Yuriy Ivanovich Melnychuk
Volodymyr Geshko, a resident of the Kherson region, died in the war
Senior police lieutenant Maksym Okach from Poltava region died in Donetsk region
Junior sergeant from Volyn Valeriy Bas died in the Dnipropetrovsk region
He was only 22 years old: UAV operator Dmytro Horokhovskyi died in the war
July 21, 2025
Zelenskyy announced new contracts for the production of drones
Consequences of the night attack: Russia damaged the oldest McDonalds in Ukraine for the sixth time
Russia launched 426 UAVs and 24 missiles over Ukraine at night: air defense neutralized 403 UAVs
The number of victims in Kyiv from the Russian attack has increased to seven
In Kyiv, more than a dozen direct hits as a result of the Russian attack — Ignat
Sikorsky on Russia’s strike: Putin mocks Trump’s efforts
The Armed Forces of Ukraine have restored some positions in Kamianske, Zaporizhia, – ISW
Defense forces recaptured Kindrativka in Sumy region
Serious blow to Russian logistics: drones attacked the largest railcar depot in Rostov Region
Defense forces hit Russian S-300 air defense system in Belgorod region, – General Staff
The Ukrainian Armed Forces eliminated a teacher from Moscow who was praised by Putin at the front
Strikes on Russia – Ukrainian Armed Forces attacked enemy air defense systems in Belgorod region
Air Force reveals details of night attack: all missiles neutralized
SBU detained the head of NABU on suspicion of cooperation with Russia
NABU announces mass searches: director urgently returns to Ukraine
An FSB agent was exposed in the elite NABU unit
A ammunition factory was under the sights: drones attacked the Moscow region. Photos and video
On the shield – July 21, 2025.
A young soldier from Mohyliv-Podilskyi, senior soldier Ruslan Hnatiuk, died in the war
27-year-old Mykola Brayko from Zhovty Vody died in the Sumy direction
Mykhailo Vintonyak from Kosivska Polyana in Rakhiv region fell in Donetsk region (PHOTO)
Artsyz community in mourning: Serhiy Usov, who was considered missing for over two years, died
City Council deputy from Dnipropetrovsk region Konstantin Kholodov went missing at the front (VIDEO)
Defender from Alexandria Rostyslav Stativkin died defending his country
Bad news: 19-year-old Defender from Chernihiv region Anatoliy Yampolskyi died at the front
Anatoly Viktorovich Pavlov, a 29-year-old defender from the Bolgrad district, died in the war.
Ilya Pidhainy fell in the Kharkiv region
Zhytomyr region lost another Defender: Mykola Renkas died
Defender from Kryvyi Rih Stanislav Potebnia was killed by an enemy drone
July 22, 2025
Ukraine and Denmark are developing an artificial intelligence drone interceptor
Ground robot walks 32 kilometers to follow wounded soldier
Traveled 14 kilometers to the evacuation point: how a robot saved a wounded soldier
Numerous enemy DRGs storm Pokrovsk despite heavy losses
Russia attacked Ukraine with 42 Shahed drones: Air Defense shot down 26 drones
Russian media showed the combat use of the Harpy-A1 UAV
A 60-year-old Russian propagandist fought in Ukraine for just a month
Minus four tanks overnight: how the Rarog unmanned systems regiment works
Latvia sent another 1,300 drones to Ukraine – Defense Minister
Trump withdraws US from UNESCO over its anti-American and anti-Israel sentiments
Russia launched a massive drone attack on gas infrastructure on the night of July 22
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed the occupiers’ military base and ammunition depot
Su-27 destroys hangar with occupiers in Chasovye Yar
Russia attacked Ukraine’s gas infrastructure overnight, there is destruction
"Happiness loves silence": Defense Forces hit "bold" targets behind enemy lines
Drones hit planes at a military airfield in Russia
The Armed Forces of Ukraine eliminated two platoons of invaders in the Pokrovske direction
The Armed Forces of Ukraine have introduced a powerful domestic attack drone to the front
GUR ground drones eliminated the first hundred occupiers
On the shield – July 22, 2025.
Defender from Novy Rozdyl Volodymyr Hrynkevich died
Lived in Rivne region as an IDP: sniper from Luhansk region Oleksandr Korotun died near Robotyne
Senior soldier from the Haisyn community Mykhailo Petrachenko died at the front
Expert examination confirmed the death of Ukrainian Army captain Serhiy Vadets from Rivne region
Grief again: Roman Vasyliovych Oliynyk, a 55-year-old defender from Zvenyhorod region, has died
A soldier from the city of Kiliya, Volodymyr Panasovich Kozlov, was killed in the Donetsk region.
Kamianske lost defender Yashin Andriy Igorovich
Igor Mankovsky from Khodoriv region died at the front
The war took the life of 36-year-old soldier from Borshchiv region, Chisnyuk Mykhailo (photo)
Considered missing for over 2 years: death of Morshyn Defender Vitaliy Minakov confirmed
Poltava bids farewell to war dead Oleg Shmalko and Maksym Okach
Mykolaiv region in mourning: Mykyta "Texas" died – former fighter of the regional guard
The life of Volyn defender Oleg Kozlovsky was cut short while performing military service duties.
Volyn lost a Hero: Andriy Yanchuk died in the war
Alexander Zhuravlev, a native of Pavlohrad, died in the battle for Ukraine.
A soldier from Berezniv region, Vyacheslav Kraska, died.
He gave his life for Ukraine: a fighter from Kryvyi Rih, Kostyantyn Belmas, died in the war
Mykhailo Viznyuk, a soldier from the Kolomyia territorial defense battalion, died at the front.
Private Roman Bobyk from the Mateiwetska community died as a result of the shelling.
Viktor Melnykovych, a 25-year-old soldier from Bolekhiv region, died in the war
Yevheniy Klyuska, a soldier from Zhytomyr region, died in the Donetsk region
A warrior from Cherkasy, Mykola Zakolodny, gave his life for Ukraine
The Oleksandrivska community reported the death of fellow soldier Volodymyr Dmytrovych Bolyuk
Defender from Beregov region Anatoliy Voronenko died in the war
Junior sergeant from Mogilev-Podilskyi Ruslan Syveniuk died at the front
The Kirovohrad region reported the deaths of Oleksandr Zelenenko and Pavlo Litvinenko
Kirill Vinokurov died in the war with Russia
A soldier from the Lipianska community, Vladyslav Valentynovych Butkevych, died in battle.
Korets resident Gennady Oleksandrovych Yukhymenko died in the war
Roman Pavlovsky, a defender from Ivano-Frankivsk region, died in the war
Defenders from Prykarpattia Serhiy Fesyk and Oleh Lazorko died in the Russian-Ukrainian war
July 23, 2025
Interceptor drones worth UAH 3 billion: Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced new contracts
Before ejecting, the Mirage-2000 pilot took the plane away from the settlement.
Russian drones attacked 4 regions of Ukraine at night: how air defense repelled the attack
Novocherkassk GRES was attacked on the night of July 23 [video]
Large-scale fire and destruction: Russia attacked Kryvyi Rih, Sumy and Kharkiv regions (PHOTOS)
Mirage 2000 fighter crashed in Volyn: the Air Force explained what happened (photo)
Ukraine used the powerful Altius 600M drone in a night combat mission
The energy infrastructure of Ukrzaliznytsia was attacked by enemy strike drones this night
Russians hit railway facilities in Poltava region
In occupied Crimea, a powerful cyberattack disrupted the work of communication providers
The Armed Forces of Ukraine denied the fighting for Pokrovsk: new details from the front
Ukrainian military searching for a group of Russian saboteurs in Pokrovsk
Ukraine urgently needs Patriot, ATACMS and Taurus to deter Russian attacks – Syrsky
It became known where the Mirage-2000 fighter jet crashed in Volyn
In Luhansk region, two Ukrainian sergeants captured seven Russian occupiers (video)
Explosions erupt in occupied Crimea amid massive drone attack
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed an enemy drone base in the Russian Federation
Drones attacked occupiers’ facilities in Tula
The Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed two occupiers’ DRGs in the suburbs of Pokrovsk
On the shield – July 23, 2025.
Considered missing for over a year: the war took the life of Hero of Volhynia Viktor Burkovsky
Two residents of the Kherson region – Dmytro Babenko and Ivan Halaida – died in the war.
The Zboriv community reported the death of serviceman Yaroslav Vlasyuk
Air defense forces destroyed most of the drones, but 26 UAVs were recorded being hit in four regions
Kirovohrad region lost Ukrainian defender Roman Kutsenko
Defender from Buchach Volodymyr Duma returns home "on the shield" (photo)
"From Italy to War": Adopted Ukrainian Artem Naliato Died Defending His Homeland
Infantry commander Vyacheslav Danilov died: Nikopol region lost another Hero (photo)
DNA examination identified Vitaliy Peretyatko, a soldier from Poltava region who died ten months ago
Roman Bublyk, a soldier from the village of Myrtyuky, Stryi community, died in the Kursk region
Zhytomyr region has once again lost its Hero – Vadym Ivashkin
Commander from Bila Krynytsia Serhiy Voznyuk died
Zhytomyr region again lost its courageous Defender Savin Oleksandr Serhiyovych
Defender from Zhovty Vody Dmytro Kushim died from his injuries in an Odessa hospital
Andriy Romanovsky, a 37-year-old soldier from the Illinets community, died in the war
Defender from Lozova Viktor Grindenko died during the battle near Volchansk
The life of the Hero of Volhynia, Dmytro Zatserkovny, was cut short while serving in the military.
Received a fatal mine-explosive injury: defender from Orikhiv Roman Astapenko died in the war
Lviv region lost a KORD fighter: Andriy Dovhey died after being wounded in the Donetsk region
Defender from Trostyanets region Serhiy Davydov died in Donetsk region
Radyvylov resident Andriy Lashchev died from a drone strike
Soldiers from Kirovohrad region Artem Golovin, Andriy Gal, Vladyslav Krasota died
Ivan Lendel, a defender from Rus’ Mukachevo district, died in the war
Soldiers from Vinnytsia Region Oleksandr Ovcharenko and Denys Korchan died
Danylo Payol, a resident of the Southern Ukrainian community, died in the war
Soldier Valeriy Vakulyuk from the Kolodyazhnenska community died in the Kharkiv region
